学会誌・資料 Journal

日本知財学会誌 第22巻第3号掲載

大学の共有特許と研究成果の社会実装~企業視座からの考察と産学連携への提言
University Co-owned Patents and the Social Implementation of Research Outcomes
~ Considerations from a Corporate Perspective and Proposals for Industry-Academia Collaboration

石川 浩
Hiroshi Ishikawa

日本知財学会誌Vol.22 No.3 p.77-93 (2026-3-20)
Journal of Intellectual Property Association of Japan Vol.22 No.3 p.77-93 (2026-3-20)

<要旨>
大学発明の社会実装が叫ばれて久しいが,実績は少しずつ増えているもののその歩みは遅い.企業との共同研究は着実に増えており,その成果としての共有特許が増えている.共有特許は,企業サイドでは,大学の優れた技術を独占できるチャンスとして高く評価されるものの,大学側からは,その実施化(社会実装)が十分でなく,また,大学発スタートアップ(SU)の障害になるとの声も聞かれる.
小論では,共有特許の社会実装を推進するための課題として,2つの事件を参考にしながら,大学の職務発明制度と実施許諾契約について検討した.職務発明制度に関連して,学生発明に対する手当が重要であり,権利の安定化のために,受ける権利の原始的使用者帰属を大学内の勤務規則等において明確化することが望まれる.合わせて,職務発明規程に,発明者への通常実施権設定支援と起業支援を盛り込むことが望まれることを論じた.また,実施許諾にあたっては,発明者SU の場合の特則を契約に盛り込むことが望まれる.
<Abstract>
The social implementation of university inventions has been a long-standing issue, although achievements are gradually increasing, progress remains slow. Joint research with industry have been steadily expanding, leading to a growth in the number of co-owned patents. From a corporate perspective, co-owned patents are highly valued as opportunities to secure exclusive access to outstanding university technologies. However, universities express concerns that insufficient practical implementation may hinder the development of university-originated startups(SUs).
This paper examines the challenges related to promoting the social implementation of co-owned patents, referencing two case studies while considering the university’s employee invention system and licensing agreements. Specific regulations should be established for student inventions within this system. To stabilize ownership, it is also desirable to clarify the original attribution of the right to obtain patents to the university within its internal regulations.  Furthermore, it is argued that the employee invention regulations should incorporate support for granting regular licensing rights to inventors and assistance for entrepreneurship. Additionally, special provisions should be included in contracts to address situations involving inventors’ SUs.

<キーワード>
受ける権利, 職務発明, 共有特許, 実施許諾, スタートアップ, 社会実装
<Keywords>
Rights to Obtain IP Rights, Employee Inventions, Co-owned Patents, Licensing for Implementation, Startups, Social Implementation